Class notes
northeast economic growth and people
Industrial revolution
- starts in england in 1700s then in us around 1800
- farming was difficult so people willing to leave farms and work in factories
- machines were made that increased work production
- american economic system of capitalism and free enterprise were essential
New England Factories
- francis cabot lowell- factory system- all manufacturing steps under one roof
- interchangeable parts- identical machine parts
- could produce different goods on mass scale and price of goods ex shoes, watches, guns
Working conditions
- by 1840, worked and average of 11.4 hours
- lots of injures-lost fingers, broken bones from rapidly spinning belts.
- children especially at risk of injury
- hot in summer & bitterly cold in winter
- no regulations or laws to protect workers
Women Workers
- paid less than males
- men excluded them from early unions b/c they feared women would take their jobs
- sarah g. Bagley- founded the lowell female labor reform org. and petitioned for 10 hr workday
- laid foundation for other movements for equality.
Rise of Cities
- grew near rivers and streams for the waterpower
- buildings made of wood or brick
- no sewers to carry waste and dirty water away-danger of disease
- fire a huge threat- sparks from fireplaces ignitied wooden buildings
- advantages- libraries, museums and shops
Immigration
- irish the majority- came to escape the potato famine wich killed over 1 million people
- most irish too poor to buy land-took low paying factory jobs
- 2nd largest group were germans. german jews came seeking religous freedom.
- many germans arrivied with money and prospered.
Immigrants and Prejudice
- some resented immigrants bringing their culture with them
- nativist- group who believed immigratation threatended the future of native emerican born citizens
they accused immigrants of bringing disease, crime and taking jobs from citizens
know-nothing party- secret anti-cathlic political party who wanted stricter citizen laws
The reforming spirit in 19th century america
- Reformers wanted to extend the ideals of liberty and equality to all Americans, regardless of race, religion, or gender.
19th century reformers
- horace mann, the Father of american public education
- advocated for a free public school system funded by the government
- extended length of school year, improved cirriculum, dobled teachers salaries and ensured better teacher traing.
- established the first school to train teachers in 1839 (the normal school)
Reformers
by the 1850s most states accepted three principles regarding public education:
schools should be free and supported by taxes
teachers should be well trained
school attendance should be mandatory
Dorothea Dix, advocate for prisoners and mentally ill
dedicated her life to educating the public about the poor treatment of prisoners and the mentally ill
Women Suffragists
Headed toward the 19th amendment...
What is Suffrage
- the right to vote
- Suffragist: men and women who fought for women to get the right to vote
Seneca Falls Convention
- first womens rights convention held in the U.S.
- held in NY in 1848
- Women had fought for African-Americans to get the right to vote
- Organizied by elizabeth cady stanton and lucretia mott
- susan b. anthony joined the cause 4 years later.
Declaration of Sentiments
- using launguage from the declartion of independence to state the rights they felt they wre entitled to as american citizens
- We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal
- They were questioning democracy in the us
Wyoming
- the fist state to grant women the right to vote in 1869
- by the end of 19th century idaho, colorado and utah had granted womens suffrage
15th Amendment, 1871
- granted African-American men the right to vote
- Disapointed many women who thought African-American men and women would be enfranchised together
- African Americans were split over wether men should get the right to vote before women
Fredick Douglas 1869 aboltionist wanted black men be able to vote first
Before 1910
- National American women suffrage Association NAWSA
- Big leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Two big strategies:
Try to win suffrage state by state
try to pass a constitutional amendment but would need to be ratified by 3/4 of the states
The suffragists ...
Elizabeth Cady Stanton: abolitionist wityh her husband. concerend about womens parental and custody rights, property rights, employment and income rights,
Susan B. Anthony
In the late 1800s, Susan B. Anthony tried several times to introduce and amendment bill for womens suffrage, but it was killed in the senate
National Women's Party
- Alice Paul led the NWP and believed in more aggressive stratagies:
19th Amendment, 1920
Tennessee was the 36th state ratify and it passed by only 1 vote
19th century reformers
- horace mann, the Father of american public education
- advocated for a free public school system funded by the government
- extended length of school year, improved cirriculum, dobled teachers salaries and ensured better teacher traing.
- established the first school to train teachers in 1839 (the normal school)
Reformers
by the 1850s most states accepted three principles regarding public education:
schools should be free and supported by taxes
teachers should be well trained
school attendance should be mandatory
Dorothea Dix, advocate for prisoners and mentally ill
dedicated her life to educating the public about the poor treatment of prisoners and the mentally ill
Women Suffragists
Headed toward the 19th amendment...
What is Suffrage
- the right to vote
- Suffragist: men and women who fought for women to get the right to vote
Seneca Falls Convention
- first womens rights convention held in the U.S.
- held in NY in 1848
- Women had fought for African-Americans to get the right to vote
- Organizied by elizabeth cady stanton and lucretia mott
- susan b. anthony joined the cause 4 years later.
Declaration of Sentiments
- using launguage from the declartion of independence to state the rights they felt they wre entitled to as american citizens
- We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal
- They were questioning democracy in the us
Wyoming
- the fist state to grant women the right to vote in 1869
- by the end of 19th century idaho, colorado and utah had granted womens suffrage
15th Amendment, 1871
- granted African-American men the right to vote
- Disapointed many women who thought African-American men and women would be enfranchised together
- African Americans were split over wether men should get the right to vote before women
Fredick Douglas 1869 aboltionist wanted black men be able to vote first
Before 1910
- National American women suffrage Association NAWSA
- Big leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Two big strategies:
Try to win suffrage state by state
try to pass a constitutional amendment but would need to be ratified by 3/4 of the states
The suffragists ...
Elizabeth Cady Stanton: abolitionist wityh her husband. concerend about womens parental and custody rights, property rights, employment and income rights,
Susan B. Anthony
In the late 1800s, Susan B. Anthony tried several times to introduce and amendment bill for womens suffrage, but it was killed in the senate
National Women's Party
- Alice Paul led the NWP and believed in more aggressive stratagies:
19th Amendment, 1920
Tennessee was the 36th state ratify and it passed by only 1 vote
election of 1860 & Secession
The Candidates
Southern Democrats:
Nominated John Beckenridge
Platform called for slave code for territories
Northern Democrats:
Nominated Stephen Douglas
Platform endorsed freeport doctrine
Republicans:
Nominated Abraham Lincoln
Platform denounced slavery but also browns raid
Constitutional Union Party:
Nomintaed John Bell
Election of 1860
Republicans focused on corruption in Buchanan Administration
Southern Democrats spread rumors of slave uprisings
Douglas spent last weeks of campaign in south, warning against secession
Lincoln won without recieving any southern votes
Secession
80% average approval of seccion in state conventions
Declarations made it clear slavery was underlying cause Defense of secession based on 2 arguemnts: State sovereignity Right of revolution.
Order of seccison
1. South Carolina
2. Mississippi
3. Florida
4. Alabama
5. Georgia
6. Lousisiana
7. Texas
*states that secessed before the battle of fort sumpter
8. Virginia
9. Arkansas
10. North Carolina
11. Tennessee
Southern Democrats:
Nominated John Beckenridge
Platform called for slave code for territories
Northern Democrats:
Nominated Stephen Douglas
Platform endorsed freeport doctrine
Republicans:
Nominated Abraham Lincoln
Platform denounced slavery but also browns raid
Constitutional Union Party:
Nomintaed John Bell
Election of 1860
Republicans focused on corruption in Buchanan Administration
Southern Democrats spread rumors of slave uprisings
Douglas spent last weeks of campaign in south, warning against secession
Lincoln won without recieving any southern votes
Secession
80% average approval of seccion in state conventions
Declarations made it clear slavery was underlying cause Defense of secession based on 2 arguemnts: State sovereignity Right of revolution.
Order of seccison
1. South Carolina
2. Mississippi
3. Florida
4. Alabama
5. Georgia
6. Lousisiana
7. Texas
*states that secessed before the battle of fort sumpter
8. Virginia
9. Arkansas
10. North Carolina
11. Tennessee
Photo used under Creative Commons from Ron Cogswell